Uploaded by skizitgesture on Aug 10, 2010
Navy Research Classified as Defense Research
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA281299&Location=U2&doc=Get...
LONG VERSION:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx1SedtM42o
This video is not meant to indicate that an infestation of real bugs could not be concurrent. My personal feeling is that there are both artificial and biological "bugs".
CLARIFICATION: The picture of a polymerized backbone and sidearms with inclusions (previously identified as a polymer brush) is an illustration of a structure with a columnar "backbone". The formation of macrocycles uses the same chemistry that polymerization does, except steps are taken to prevent polymerization from occurring which is inefficient. Transition metals can induce a "template effect" by binding to the linear molecule which can accelerate either the intramolecular or the intermolecular reaction.. The template effect can be either kinetic or thermodynamic. Please see long version for more information on template effect.
THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO CREATE CYCLIC MOLECULES AND STRUCTURES:
Macrocycles can be created by connecting the two chain ends of linear polymers. See http://www.pnas.org/content/97/21/11147.full
"Cyclization in Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesis: Characterization by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry"
"macrocycle formation occurred during the polymerization and copolymerization of monomers."
See http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja9739547
See also "Macrocycles as Precursors for Organic Nanotubes" at
http://www.bentham.org/cos/sample/cos4-1/005AH.pdf
What people think are mites may be macrocycles. They can be a few units long or a few inches. Macrocycles self-assemble and are functionalized (perhaps by DNA). There are many types of macrocycles and they can be made of different materials and contain many kinds of "guests".
Macrocycles are like tiny beads you can fill with different colors and compositions. They are drug carriers and imaging agents. Some have sealed compartments, some have a continuous channel through the middle which is called "channel construction."
There is also an entire library of protein related synthetic small molecule macrocycles. See the following:
Originally published in Science Express on 19 August 2004
DOI: 10.1126/science.1102629
"DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis and Selection of a Library of Macrocycles"
Zev J. Gartner, Brian N. Tse, Rozalina Grubina, Jeffrey B. Doyon, Thomas M. Snyder, David R. Liu*
The translation of nucleic acid libraries into corresponding synthetic compounds would enable selection and amplification principles to be applied to man-made molecules. We used multistep DNA-templated organic synthesis to translate libraries of DNA sequences, each containing three "codons," into libraries of sequence-programmed synthetic small-molecule macrocycles. The resulting DNA-macrocycle conjugates were subjected to in vitro selections for protein affinity. The identity of a single macrocycle possessing known target protein affinity was inferred through the sequence of the amplified DNA template surviving the selection. This work represents the translation, selection, and amplification of libraries of nucleic acids encoding synthetic small molecules rather than biological macromolecules.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA281299&Location=U2&doc=Get...
LONG VERSION:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx1SedtM42o
This video is not meant to indicate that an infestation of real bugs could not be concurrent. My personal feeling is that there are both artificial and biological "bugs".
CLARIFICATION: The picture of a polymerized backbone and sidearms with inclusions (previously identified as a polymer brush) is an illustration of a structure with a columnar "backbone". The formation of macrocycles uses the same chemistry that polymerization does, except steps are taken to prevent polymerization from occurring which is inefficient. Transition metals can induce a "template effect" by binding to the linear molecule which can accelerate either the intramolecular or the intermolecular reaction.. The template effect can be either kinetic or thermodynamic. Please see long version for more information on template effect.
THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO CREATE CYCLIC MOLECULES AND STRUCTURES:
Macrocycles can be created by connecting the two chain ends of linear polymers. See http://www.pnas.org/content/97/21/11147.full
"Cyclization in Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesis: Characterization by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry"
"macrocycle formation occurred during the polymerization and copolymerization of monomers."
See http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja9739547
See also "Macrocycles as Precursors for Organic Nanotubes" at
http://www.bentham.org/cos/sample/cos4-1/005AH.pdf
What people think are mites may be macrocycles. They can be a few units long or a few inches. Macrocycles self-assemble and are functionalized (perhaps by DNA). There are many types of macrocycles and they can be made of different materials and contain many kinds of "guests".
Macrocycles are like tiny beads you can fill with different colors and compositions. They are drug carriers and imaging agents. Some have sealed compartments, some have a continuous channel through the middle which is called "channel construction."
There is also an entire library of protein related synthetic small molecule macrocycles. See the following:
Originally published in Science Express on 19 August 2004
DOI: 10.1126/science.1102629
"DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis and Selection of a Library of Macrocycles"
Zev J. Gartner, Brian N. Tse, Rozalina Grubina, Jeffrey B. Doyon, Thomas M. Snyder, David R. Liu*
The translation of nucleic acid libraries into corresponding synthetic compounds would enable selection and amplification principles to be applied to man-made molecules. We used multistep DNA-templated organic synthesis to translate libraries of DNA sequences, each containing three "codons," into libraries of sequence-programmed synthetic small-molecule macrocycles. The resulting DNA-macrocycle conjugates were subjected to in vitro selections for protein affinity. The identity of a single macrocycle possessing known target protein affinity was inferred through the sequence of the amplified DNA template surviving the selection. This work represents the translation, selection, and amplification of libraries of nucleic acids encoding synthetic small molecules rather than biological macromolecules.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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