AF2025 v3c15-1 | Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning... | (Ch 1)

AF2025 v3c15-1 | Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning... | (Ch 1)

Weather as a Force Multiplier:
Owning the Weather in 2025 A Research Paper Presented To Air Force 2025 by Col Tamzy J. House
Lt Col James B. Near, Jr.
LTC William B. Shields (USA)
Maj Ronald J. Celentano
Maj David M. Husband
Maj Ann E. Mercer
Maj James E. PughAugust 1996

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Disclaimer
2025 is a study designed to comply with a directive from the chief of staff of the Air Force to examine the concepts, capabilities, and technologies the United States will require to remain the dominant air and space force in the future. Presented on 17 June 1996, this report was produced in the Department of Defense school environment of academic freedom and in the interest of advancing concepts related to national defense. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States government.
This report contains fictional representations of future situations/scenarios. Any similarities to real people or events, other than those specifically cited, are unintentional and are for purposes of illustration only.
This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities, is unclassified, and is cleared for public release.

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Contents Chapter

Disclaimer
Illustrations
Tables
Acknowledgments
Executive Summary

1. Introduction
2. Required Capability
• Why Would We Want to Mess with the Weather?
• What Do We Mean by "Weather-modification"?
3. System Description
• The Global Weather Network
• Applying Weather-modification to Military Operations
4. Concept of Operations
• Precipitation
• Fog
• Storms
• Exploitation of "NearSpace" for Space Control
• Opportunities Afforded by Space Weather-modification
• Communications Dominance via Ionospheric Modification
• Artificial Weather
• Concept of Operations Summary
5. Investigation Recommendations
• How Do We Get There From Here?
• Conclusions
Appendix
A Why Is the Ionosphere Important?
B Research to Better Understand and Predict Ionospheric Effects
C Acronyms and Definitions
BibliographyNotes

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Illustrations Figure

3-1. Global Weather Network

3-2. The Military System for Weather-Modification Operations

4-1. Crossed-Beam Approach for Generating an Artificial Ionospheric Mirror

4-2. Artificial Ionospheric Mirrors Point-to-Point Communications

4-3. Artificial Ionospheric Mirror Over-the-Horizon Surveillance Concept

4-4. Scenarios for Telecommunications Degradation

5-1. A Core Competency Road Map to Weather Modification in 2025

5-2. A Systems Development Road Map to Weather Modification in 2025

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Tables Table
1 - Operational Capabilities Matrix

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Acknowledgments We express our appreciation to Mr Mike McKim of Air War College who provided a wealth of technical expertise and innovative ideas that significantly contributed to our paper. We are also especially grateful for the devoted support of our families during this research project. Their understanding and patience during the demanding research period were crucial to the project's success.
Executive Summary In 2025, US aerospace forces can "own the weather" by capitalizing on emerging technologies and focusing development of those technologies to war-fighting applications. Such a capability offers the war fighter tools to shape the battlespace in ways never before possible. It provides opportunities to impact operations across the full spectrum of conflict and is pertinent to all possible futures. The purpose of this paper is to outline a strategy for the use of a future weather-modification system to achieve military objectives rather than to provide a detailed technical road map.
A high-risk, high-reward endeavor, weather-modification offers a dilemma not unlike the splitting of the atom. While some segments of society will always be reluctant to examine controversial issues such as weather-modification, the tremendous military capabilities that could result from this field are ignored at our own peril. From enhancing friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via small-scale tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of global communications and counterspace control, weather-modification offers the war fighter a wide-range of possible options to defeat or coerce an adversary. Some of the potential capabilities a weather-modification system could provide to a war-fighting commander in chief (CINC) are listed in table 1.
Technology advancements in five major areas are necessary for an integrated weather-modification capability: (1) advanced nonlinear modeling techniques, (2) computational capability, (3) information gathering and transmission, (4) a global sensor array, and (5) weather intervention techniques. Some intervention tools exist today and others may be developed and refined in the future.
Table 1 - Operational Capabilities Matrix

DEGRADE ENEMY FORCES	ENHANCE FRIENDLY FORCES
Precipitation Enhancement	Precipitation Avoidance
- Flood Lines of Communication	- Maintain/Improve LOC
- Reduce PGM/Recce Effectiveness	- Maintain Visibility
- Decrease Comfort Level/Morale	- Maintain Comfort Level/Morale
Storm Enhancement	Storm Modification
- Deny Operations	- Choose Battlespace Environment
Precipitation Denial	Space Weather
- Deny Fresh Water	- Improve Communication Reliability
-- Induce Drought	- Intercept Enemy Transmissions
Space Weather	- Revitalize Space Assets
- Disrupt Communications/Radar	Fog and Cloud Generation
- Disable/Destroy Space Assets	- Increase Concealment
Fog and Cloud Removal	Fog and Cloud Removal
- Deny Concealment	- Maintain Airfield Operations
- Increase Vulnerability to PGM/Recce	- Enhance PGM Effectiveness
Detect Hostile Weather Activities	Defend against Enemy Capabilities

Current technologies that will mature over the next 30 years will offer anyone who has the necessary resources the ability to modify weather patterns and their corresponding effects, at least on the local scale. Current demographic, economic, and environmental trends will create global stresses that provide the impetus necessary for many countries or groups to turn this weather-modification ability into a capability.
In the United States, weather-modification will likely become a part of national security policy with both domestic and international applications. Our government will pursue such a policy, depending on its interests, at various levels. These levels could include unilateral actions, participation in a security framework such as NATO, membership in an international organization such as the UN, or participation in a coalition. Assuming that in 2025 our national security strategy includes weather-modification, its use in our national military strategy will naturally follow. Besides the significant benefits an operational capability would provide, another motivation to pursue weather-modification is to deter and counter potential adversaries.
In this paper we show that appropriate application of weather-modification can provide battlespace dominance to a degree never before imagined. In the future, such operations will enhance air and space superiority and provide new options for battlespace shaping and battlespace awareness.¹ "The technology is there, waiting for us to pull it all together;"² in 2025 we can "Own the Weather."

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Chapter 1
Introduction Scenario: Imagine that in 2025 the US is fighting a rich, but now consolidated, politically powerful drug cartel in South America. The cartel has purchased hundreds of Russian-and Chinese-built fighters that have successfully thwarted our attempts to attack their production facilities. With their local numerical superiority and interior lines, the cartel is launching more than 10 aircraft for every one of ours. In addition, the cartel is using the French system probatoire d' observation de la terre (SPOT) positioning and tracking imagery systems, which in 2025 are capable of transmitting near-real-time, multispectral imagery with 1 meter resolution. The US wishes to engage the enemy on an uneven playing field in order to exploit the full potential of our aircraft and munitions.
Meteorological analysis reveals that equatorial South America typically has afternoon thunderstorms on a daily basis throughout the year. Our intelligence has confirmed that cartel pilots are reluctant to fly in or near thunderstorms. Therefore, our weather force support element (WFSE), which is a part of the commander in chief's (CINC) air operations center (AOC), is tasked to forecast storm paths and trigger or intensify thunderstorm cells over critical target areas that the enemy must defend with their aircraft. Since our aircraft in 2025 have all-weather capability, the thunderstorm threat is minimal to our forces, and we can effectively and decisively control the sky over the target.
The WFSE has the necessary sensor and communication capabilities to observe, detect, and act on weather-modification requirements to support US military objectives. These capabilities are part of an advanced battle area system that supports the war-fighting CINC. In our scenario, the CINC tasks the WFSE to conduct storm intensification and concealment operations. The WFSE models the atmospheric conditions to forecast, with 90 percent confidence, the likelihood of successful modification using airborne cloud generation and seeding.
In 2025, uninhabited aerospace vehicles (UAV) are routinely used for weather-modification operations. By cross-referencing desired attack times with wind and thunderstorm forecasts and the SPOT satellite's projected orbit, the WFSE generates mission profiles for each UAV. The WFSE guides each UAV using near-real-time information from a networked sensor array.
Prior to the attack, which is coordinated with forecasted weather conditions, the UAVs begin cloud generation and seeding operations. UAVs disperse a cirrus shield to deny enemy visual and infrared (IR) surveillance. Simultaneously, microwave heaters create localized scintillation to disrupt active sensing via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems such as the commercially available Canadian search and rescue satellite-aided tracking (SARSAT) that will be widely available in 2025. Other cloud seeding operations cause a developing thunderstorm to intensify over the target, severely limiting the enemy's capability to defend. The WFSE monitors the entire operation in real-time and notes the successful completion of another very important but routine weather-modification mission.
This scenario may seem far-fetched, but by 2025 it is within the realm of possibility. The next chapter explores the reasons for weather-modification, defines the scope, and examines trends that will make it possible in the next 30 years.

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Contents | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | A, B & C | Bibliography

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Contact: Air Force 2025 Last updated: 11 December 1996

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Weather War Big Picture: Geo-Engineering & Bio-Engineering - V.1

Published on Nov 8, 2012

Nano Skies Movie: Chemtrails Revealed http://ow.ly/fKAXX

Geo-Engineering in New York City - Frankenstorm Sandy Aftermath http://ow.ly/f1KGF

Geo-Engineering Frankenstorm Sandy - Part 1 http://ow.ly/eOcOE

Nexrad HAARP Weather Control: Geo-Engineering Hurricane Isaac http://ow.ly/doZPR

Nexrad HAARP Weather Control: Conversation with a Weather Channel Meteorologist http://ow.ly/dtDVQ

How Nexrad HAARP Works: Turning Natural Storms into Biblical Floods http://ow.ly/doS4W

YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/WeatherWar101

Twitter:
http://twitter.com/WeatherWar101

Email: weatherwar@gmx.com

Video Sources:

Weather Modification in Texas Admitted As Recent as July 2011 - August 28, 2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO5ux8...

Chemtrails Produced by Aviation Fuel Laced with Aluminum or Trimethylaluminum
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie441s...

From Chemtrails to Pseudo-Life: The Dark Agenda of Synthetic Biology
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzW5Kb...

Spectacular UFO Lenticular Cloud & X-Files "X" Timelapse 3-9-2010 in Santa Clarita
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KlRCq...

Amazing UFO Lenticular Cloud Sunset Timelapse 100% Real! V01350
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5siFG...

Amazing Lenticular "UFO" cloud Fleet forming with virga trails
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2W1Bg...

Lenticular and Wave Cloud Timelapse - Boulder, CO - 01.23.12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exTRLI...

100% PROOF OF HAARP!! 2011 HAARP in ACTION!! DEBUNK THIS!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZYMCE...

HAARP IN ACTION!! WEIRD MAN MADE SCALAR SKY! WAVE CLOUDS!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjkakK...

11/18/11 Stationary Cloud
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zbw30i...

Reno Lenticular time-lapse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV2zkZ...

Stationary Wave Cloud Timelapse - Boulder, CO 09.19.11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAEFxK...

Rainbow Wave Clouds / Iridescent Cirrus Forming in Timelapse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waUCBT...

Research & Resources:

United States Patent 5003186 for seeding stratosphere with metal aerosol in jet fuel [pdf]

http://www.carnicominstitute.org/

http://www.morgellonsexposed.com/

http://www.aboutthesky.com/

http://nowcoast.noaa.gov/

http://www.weather.gov

http://wxanalyst.com/radar/

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/gis/kml/

http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/kmzgen...

http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/s...

http://www.letxa.com/nexradsite.php?S...

http://www.wunderground.com/

http://weather.org/radar.htm

http://www.intellicast.com/Local/WxMa...

http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwc...

http://www.theweathernetwork.com/weat...

http://weather.unisys.com/radar/rcm_r...

http://www.weatheronline.com/weather/......

http://www.colinandrews.net/HAARP.html

 

Weather USA (playlist)

Uploaded on Jun 5, 2011

This may explain the plasma bodies: http://www.argo.net/

Recommended video on Local Warming:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS31uF...

"Ultra-fast pulses from a powerful laser can create droplets of water out of thin air, according to a new study. With the right conditions and large enough droplets, the researchers say, the technique could be used to make rain on demand.
Rain forms when water condenses around tiny particles in the atmosphere. Most of the time, dust or pollen do the job, but humans have long attempted to speed the process by seeding clouds with chemicals like silver iodide. Those chemicals provide the so-called "condensation nuclei" that trigger the consolidation of water into raindrops.
Unfortunately, such methods are difficult and could have environmental side effects, said Jérôme Kasparian, an optical physicist at the University of Geneva, Switzerland who was on the team that demonstrated the laser-triggered condensation. The study was published online May 2 [2010] in the journal Nature Photonics.
"The potential advantage of laser is that it can work continuously," Kasparian said. If lasers can trigger rain on a large scale, he said, it would also be more efficient and cheaper than spraying silver iodide out of airplanes or shooting it into the sky from rockets.
Researches have long known that short, strong laser pulses can ionize air molecules, creating pathways of ionized gas called plasma channels. Kasparian and his team wanted to find out whether those plasma channels could be of use to wannabe rainmakers.
"Our idea is to use the laser to ionize the air, and the ions that are produced can then serve as the condensation nuclei," Kasparian said.
To test the idea, the researchers first used an atmospheric cloud chamber, a box that enabled them to vary temperature and humidity. After saturating the air in the chamber, the team flipped on a several-terawatt laser (one terawatt is a trillion watts) and watched with surprise as visible water droplets formed. Three seconds after the laser pulsed, the droplets swelled to diameters of 80 micrometers, smaller than a raindrop but larger than expected."

Mind you I am not a weatherman, (but this is physics).
They can only make their clouds under the right conditions that is if there is enough moisture in the air. Once they made their clouds because of the mountain barriere they can only move north north eastish both from the Pacific and the Gulf. They can keep their clouds in one place, they have complete control over every part of it. And they can manipulate the movement by changing air pressure. One way they do that is by raising or lowering temperatures. While I write this Charlevoix is 30F colder than Traverse City consistent with what you might expect based on the programs the plasma bodies run there. You can see that on Intellicast. Twice a day they strengthen their plasma clouds with airborn lasers and througout the day this also happens from groundbased stations. Somebody may want to check these out. The movement of the moisture and plasma seems to be controlled by male, female or neutral rings. Plasma and moisture can cross the mountains if needed, but undulatus asperatus clouds can't (don't ask me why, it's just how it is). To predict the weather is still hard, because they can keep their clouds in one place and manipulate airpressure and no doubt a lot more. But the amount of moisture will always give you the first clue and temperature (changes) will give you the next. Based on this expect the same places to get hit all the time. Personally I think this will go on for another 9 months or so.

Almost forgot about the rings, they will usually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. If a storm is in a clockwise ring it makes sense the next ring is counter clockwise.
By studying the rings you might get an indication where the storm will go. With 4 rings they use more power. The rings should work together like wheels in a machine.
There are many kinds of rotations with different effects, but that is too technical for me to explain.


* In the northwest east of Portland they have a mountainpass so to say. Storms coming from there tend to move east towards the big lakes and further down. Of course in the northeast storms could also come from the east but that won't happen often.

They have "plasma freeways". This is the red line you see form in many storms and this can be very long. Storms tend to follow that line despite wind direction.

Also they have -chemical- factories that can produce clouds fast. My theory is of course they need moist for that, chemicals and CO2. These cloudfactories are real, though they are not those TMC-65's. You can tell because clouds tend to form over land now, while that should happen over water the majority of time.
It looks as if after they release chemicals (?) clouds form very fast and then storms come out of "nowhere".

Weather wars Nexrad anomalies & standing waves: A physics demonstration

Published on Sep 6, 2012

Concentric circles @ KUDX Rapid City, SD 9/7/12 Also a physics animation demonstration of multiple types of standing waves. Please feel free to mirror, copy & distribute this video.

Standing waves demonstrations:
Shallow water simulation example with absorbing boundary conditions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOIYOc...
Thanks to Mario Storti for the upload!

Description:
Example showing modelization of free surface flow (shallow water equations) with and without absorbing boundary conditions. Using Finite Element free software PETSc-FEM http://www.cimec.org.ar/petscfem

A cylindrical column is moving in a pool of still water. In the outer (artificial) boundary it is imposed first a slip boundary condition, which is perfectly reflecting (i.e. non-absorbing). A standing wave of a very large amplitude is formed, since the energy given by the column can not be irradiated through the artificial boundary. Then, we show the results when an aborbing layer is added and the energy flows through the boundary, and no standing wave is formed. Then we do the same for a circular movement of the column, again with and without absorbing lager. (More info see http://venus.ceride.gov.ar/twiki/bin/... )

Radar Research & Resources:

http://wdssii.nssl.noaa.gov/web/wdss2...

http://www.wdssii.org/

http://www.wunderground.com/wundermap/

http://weather.unisys.com/radar/rcm_r...

http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~oven...

http://www.simuawips.com/

http://weatherfx.net/index.html

http://www.weathercharts.org/indexpag...

http://vortex.plymouth.edu/

http://weather.cod.edu/satrad/

http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/imagearchive/

http://www.ecography.com/weather/sate...

http://www.imapweather.com/fullscreen/

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/satellite.shtml

http://weather.org/stormwatch.htm

http://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu/#

http://typhoonstormwatch2012.blogspot...

http://www.westernpacificweather.com/

http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/produ...

http://www.baseops.net/metro.html

Nexrad Anomaly archives:
http://radaranomalies.com/

http://ausradaranomalies.wordpress.com/

http://www.jimstonefreelance.com/vani...

http://www.flickr.com/groups/1636383@...


http://japanontop.com/index.php?key=N...


Weather modification in action!
http://www.wtwma.com/

Chapter 558 — Weather Modification 2011 EDITION
WEATHER MODIFICATION WATER LAWS LICENSING

558.030 Artificial weather modification prohibited without license. No person, without securing a license from the State Department of Agriculture, shall cause or attempt to cause by artificial means condensation or precipitation of rain, snow, hail, moisture or water in any form contained in the atmosphere, or shall prevent or attempt to prevent by artificial means the natural condensation or precipitation of rain, snow, hail, moisture or water in any form contained in the atmosphere. [1953 c.654 §3]

558.315 Rules. Any weather modification district may adopt and promulgate rules and regulations concerning the use of the property of the district. [1969 c.698 §27]

PENALTIES 558.990 Penalties. Any person who violates any provision of ORS 558.010 to 558.140 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. [1953 c.654 §14]

http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/558.html




Twitter https://twitter.com/skybydesign

 

Electromagnetic Spectrum - Introduction

Electromagnetic Spectrum - Introduction

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. The other types of EM radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays.
You know more about the electromagnetic spectrum than you may think. The image below shows where you might encounter each portion of the EM spectrum in your day-to-day life.

The electromagnetic spectrum from lowest energy/longest wavelength (at the top) to highest energy/shortest wavelength (at the bottom). (Click image for a larger version.)

Radio: Your radio captures radio waves emitted by radio stations, bringing your favorite tunes. Radio waves are also emitted by stars and gases in space. Microwave: Microwave radiation will cook your popcorn in just a few minutes, but is also used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies.
Infrared: Night vision goggles pick up the infrared light emitted by our skin and objects with heat. In space, infrared light helps us map the dust between stars.
Visible: Our eyes detect visible light. Fireflies, light bulbs, and stars all emit visible light.
Ultraviolet: Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the Sun and are the reason skin tans and burns. "Hot" objects in space emit UV radiation as well.
X-ray: A dentist uses X-rays to image your teeth, and airport security uses them to see through your bag. Hot gases in the Universe also emit X-rays.
Gamma ray: Doctors use gamma-ray imaging to see inside your body. The biggest gamma-ray generator of all is the Universe.

Is a radio wave the same as a gamma ray?

Are radio waves completely different physical objects than gamma-rays? They are produced in different processes and are detected in different ways, but are they are not fundamentally different. Radio waves, gamma-rays, visible light, and all the other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a stream of mass-less particles, called photons, each traveling in a wave-like pattern at the speed of light. Each photon contains a certain amount of energy. The different types of radiation are defined by the the amount of energy found in the photons. Radio waves have photons with low energies, microwave photons have a little more energy than radio waves, infrared photons have still more, then visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and, the most energetic of all, gamma-rays.

Measuring electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation can be expressed in terms of energy, wavelength, or frequency. Frequency is measured in cycles per second, or Hertz. Wavelength is measured in meters. Energy is measured in electron volts. Each of these three quantities for describing EM radiation are related to each other in a precise mathematical way. But why have three ways of describing things, each with a different set of physical units?

Comparison of wavelength, frequency and energy for the electromagnetic spectrum. (Click image for a larger version.)

The short answer is that scientists don't like to use numbers any bigger or smaller than they have to. It is much easier to say or write "two kilometers" than "two thousand meters." Generally, scientists use whatever units are easiest for the type of EM radiation they work with.
Astronomers who study radio waves tend to use wavelengths or frequencies. Most of the radio part of the EM spectrum falls in the range from about 1 cm to 1 km, which is 30 gigahertz (GHz) to 100 kilohertz (kHz) in frequencies. The radio is a very broad part of the EM spectrum.
Infrared and optical astronomers generally use wavelength. Infrared astronomers use microns (millionths of a meter) for wavelengths, so their part of the EM spectrum falls in the range of 1 to 100 microns. Optical astronomers use both angstroms (0.00000001 cm, or 10^-8 cm) and nanometers (0.0000001, or 10^-7, cm). Using nanometers, violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red light have wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers. (This range is just a tiny part of the entire EM spectrum, so the light our eyes can see is just a little fraction of all the EM radiation around us.)
The wavelengths of ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray regions of the EM spectrum are very small. Instead of using wavelengths, astronomers that study these portions of the EM spectrum usually refer to these photons by their energies, measured in electron volts (eV). Ultraviolet radiation falls in the range from a few electron volts to about 100 eV. X-ray photons have energies in the range 100 eV to 100,000 eV (or 100 keV). Gamma-rays then are all the photons with energies greater than 100 keV.
Show me a chart of the wavelength, frequency, and energy regimes of the spectrum

Why do we put telescopes in orbit?

The Earth's atmosphere stops most types of electromagnetic radiation from space from reaching Earth's surface. This illustration shows how far into the atmosphere different parts of the EM spectrum can go into the atmosphere before being absorbed. Only portions of radio and visible light reach the surface. (Credit: STScI/JHU/NASA)

Most electromagnetic radiation from space is unable to reach the surface of the Earth. Radio frequencies, visible light and some ultraviolet light make it do sea level. Astronomers can observe some infrared wavelengths by putting telescopes on mountain tops. Balloon experiments can reach 35 km above the surface and can operate for months. Rocket flights can take instruments all the way above the Earth's atmosphere, but only for a few minutes before they fall back to Earth.
For long-term observations, however, it is best to have your detector on an orbiting satellite and get above it all!
Updated: March 2013

A microwave paradigm

A microwave paradigm

A microwave paradigm

January 2007 | BY Joseph Z. Bih

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To view the full citation in the ACM Digital Library please click here

   Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic wave. The range of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum - from radio waves to microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet rays, and gamma rays. Microwaves have a much longer wavelength than light - ranging from about a foot to less than half an inch.    The evolution of microwave technology generates the following applications:

To generate microwaves and simply heat something with them lead to development of microwave ovens and industrial heating applications.

To generate a microwave beam, bouncing it off an object, and receiving the echo lead to the discovery of radars. Developed during World War II, microwave radars today are used to guide missiles, locate storms, and direct airline pilots.

To put information onto a microwave beam by satellites, finding applications in wireless communication systems—cell phones, wireless computer networks, and wireless palm pilots.

To build sensitive receivers to detect the naturally occurring microwave radiation through radio telescopes to study microwave emissions from stars, galaxies, and even the leftover microwave energy from the Big Bang. The applications foresaw a paradigm in reshaping many industries.Microwave Applied in Telecommunications Industry
   CATV systems. Extensively used in the broadcast and cable television industries, as well as in telephony and computer networking, microwave technology has proved to be a superior technology and has been continually generating tremendous values.
   Microwaves are employed by telecommunications industries in the form of both terrestrial relays and satellite communications. Microwave technology was critical to the development of the community antenna television (CATV) [2] industry. Local CATV systems were restricted in channel selection to those stations that could be received over-the-air via tall "master" antennas before the early 1950s. In such situations, a CATV system could flourish only within 100-150 miles of the nearest broadcast television markets. It is the microwave relays that first made it possible for CATV systems to operate miles from TV stations, creating a boon to remote communities, where television was not accessible otherwise. Microwave also introduced the possibility for CATV operators to select which broadcast signals they would carry, allowing them to bypass closer signals in order to provide their customers with more desirable programming—perhaps from well-funded stations in large cities. Microwave technology prompted the earliest efforts by the Federal Communications Commission to regulate CATV [2].
   Two-way wireless microwave system. At Illinois Institute of Technology Microwave Laboratory, scientist Thomas Wong developed a new microwave technology that allows a single device to send and receive multiple signals with a higher carrier density than conventional designs [3]. The patented technology offers the potential for a two-way wireless microwave system to simultaneously transmit video, audio and data. The new applications might include the simultaneous transmission of video conferencing, movies on demand, home shopping, high definition TV (with as many as 500 channels and common carrier telephone service).
   Microwave radios can help establish connections quickly by allowing the options to designing the wireless communication systems to meet very specific requirements. Competitive technologies such as fiber, LEC, T-1s, and xDSL certainly put constraints on users since they require third party service for transmission. The microwave technology help user establish connectivity quickly since users need not rely on the political "right of way" access permission associated with fiber or LEC T-1 connectivity. The new technology creates benefit of relatively low fixed costs associated with constructing the link or links and the rarity of recurring service costs. [4] Cellular operations, CLECs, and ISPs have become strong users of microwave. To provide expanded service to customers and to generate immediate return on investment force cellular carriers to connect cell sites to switching stations quickly and effectively. Carriers often choose microwave for its reliability and quick deployment capabilities.
   Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) traffic over microwave radio links eliminates the hassle of laying cable in large cities. All is done by installing a pizza-size microwave dish atop of the buildings and signing up with a radio frequency service provider for the bandwidth for form the wireless link. Netro Corp. in California pioneered this technology [1] that enables users to connect sides up to five miles apart for high-speed data, video and voice transmission.
   A full-speed Ethernet microwave LAN device made by Microwave Bypass, a 10-year-old wireless microwave pioneer has demonstrated its unique advantageous [5] applications among hospitals and universities with large campus networks, schools districts, military bases, and the government. It saves 50% to 70% cost, compared with leased lines while maintaining the high performance even in adverse weather conditions line rain and dense fog. In addition, using microwave technology to link LANs at native speeds and at distances up to 15 miles needs only one direct line of sight between locations. The one-time capital equipment only involves purchasing the antennae and radio frequency modems for each site.
   Virtually all communications with vehicles for space exploration is carried on with microwaves. Pictures and voice signals from the Space Shuttle, the International Space Station, and exploration spacecraft (the Voyager and Pioneer Programs) are all carried by microwave signals.
   Microwave systems are a low cost, high security alternative to many traditional communications system options.Microwave Military Applications
   Microwave Weapon Systems. One typical Ericsson's product is MIDIS [6] -MODULAR, MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DEFENSIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM. MIDIS is a highly modular and multi-functional defensive information system that meets the requirements for situation awareness, survivability and sensor fusion in tomorrow's dense and complex signal environment. MIDIS introduces new principles for signal selection and adaptive processing allied with state-of-the-art technology of Ericsson's in-house integrated Microwave MultiChip Modules (MMCM).
   The interest of U.S. Navy in exploring the use of High Power Microwave (HPM) techniques and technologies for purposes of building anti-ship missile defense (ASMD) and command and control warfare (C2W) would likely encourage joint proposals wherein the project would be executed in a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)/contractor team format to get the maximum amount of research in the most efficient manner.
   At Los Alamos Laboratory, scientists designed a new high-powered microwave (HPM) weapon system [7]. These weapons, when delivered by a glide bomb or cruise missile, can be flown within yards of a target and exploded to produce a pulse of high-power microwaves that can disable electronic circuitry in computers and communications equipment and perhaps erase software and computer memories. Los Alamos continues the research and its support to military initiatives: high-power microwave and ultra-wideband systems and related technologies including 3-D modeling of microwave sources, effects testing and analysis, and explosive pulsed power.
   According to retired Army Col. John Alexander, the very intense pulse of electromagnetic power [8] can get into the electronic equipment by two paths-front door and back door coupling. The front doors are antennas or other paths open to the outside and lead directly to the targeted equipment. Back door coupling results from a standing wave of energy that may come indirectly into the equipment through wiring, power cables, poorly shielded frames, telephone lines or even holes in the black boxes.
   The phased-array radar [9] was an important development in military microwave technology. To make a very narrow beam with microwaves, an antenna must be very large, tens or hundreds of feet in diameter. In a battle, there may no time to wait for a large, slow dish antenna to move. The idea of a "phased array" came in. A phased array is a set of hundreds or thousands of little radar sets that all emit microwaves so that the peaks all line up in a certain direction. By changing the relative spacing of the peaks electronically, the resulting narrow beam can be steered anywhere in much less than a second, without any mechanical motion. Dozens of these phased-array radars have been built and used for everything from missile tracking to scientific experiments.
   Sophisticated electronic countermeasures or "jamming" systems are used to send out false and misleading signals to confuse enemy radars. Reliable mobile communications can ensure armed forces be able to move quickly. Microwaves transmitted and received via satellites and other means provide much of the increasingly sophisticated communications needed for modern warfare. This has led directly to "eavesdropping" or microwave espionage. Many major nations, including the U. S., have extensive operations that intercept microwave communications and decode them for spying purposes. Echelon [10], a project of the United States' National Security Agency (NSA), is a worldwide network for intercepting communications and the biggest electronic surveillance operation in the world. Echelon involves UK, Australia, Germany, Japan, China, and other countries. Listening stations, including Britain's famous GCHQ, are located in each country to scan the airwaves for all kinds of electronic communications.
   The global positioning system or GPS receivers use microwave beams from satellites to find target position almost anywhere on Earth with an error as small as a few yards, depending on the circumstances. The GPS system was originally designed for military applications, but a wide range of civilian users from trucking companies to surveyors have started to use it as well.Microwave Technology in Network Management
   Natural disaster can wreak havoc on a telephone network and its supporting infrastructure. Utilities often use microwave systems to restore communications while replacing damaged infrastructure.
   Microwave radio links are used to integrate a broad range of networks from fixed and mobile communications networks (e.g. Evolium dedicated to ILECs, CLECs and GSM; DART; ALCATEL [4]) in rural, suburban and urban environments, to corporate and private networks. Microwave technology provides wide bandwidths [3] for transporting crucial voice and data information where network coverage is inadequate or in need of rapid expansion.
   High-speed point-to-point (PtP) microwave wireless networks [4] provide enterprise LAN extension, application sharing between locations, and aggregation and backhaul of IP traffic; with traffic capacities of over 100Mbps and low latency, PtP allows virtually any IP application to be carried, including VLAN data, streaming video, VoIP, and encrypted data.
   IP traffic backhaul [see Figure 1] presents a picture of how the microwave radio systems can be integrated into a network. Building out the networks by aggregating lower-speed data connections to a high-speed PtP microwave radio backhaul network, [4, 5] wireless service providers extend their services as large-scale WISPs or as a wireless carrier's carrier by providing wireless backhaul for local or regional WISPs. The microwave radio IP backhaul network typically connects to a fiber backbone, which in turn connects to an Internet gateway point.
   Microwave radio systems can be fully managed through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) using industry-standard SNMP network management stations such as HP Open View or Castle Rock Computing's SNMPc. [4] SNMP allows service providers to monitor the microwave radio link performance, device performance, and IP traffic statistics, and provides the ability to monitor alarms or traps generated from the microwave radio system.
   A microwave radio system that provides an Ethernet interface can easily connect to a large variety of networking devices such as switches or routers, as shown in Figure 2. The microwave radio system is connected in the same manner as any other networking equipment through a CAT5 Ethernet cable, with options for auto negotiation and for forced 100Mbps full duplex.
In contrast to WLAN technology, microwave systems offer many security refinements. Since transmitted microwave signal, or beam, is as narrow as 2 degrees or less, a potential eavesdropper must be in line with the signal in order to detect any energy.
   The authentication technique [4] used in microwave radio systems at the endpoints between each other prior to data transmission shows that for authentication failures, such as the case where an eavesdropper tries to communicate with a node, the system can be configured to stop all IP traffic flow until the peer node re-authenticates.
   The advantages of microwave radios—offering continuous wire-speed, low latency, and zero packet loss guarantee the safety of IP applications carried over the link and the performance to meet user expectations. In addition, the security features and network management capabilities augments itself especially appealing to service providers and IT managers.

   Microwave, a low-risk and time proven technology, dispels IS managers fears in the following situations: in major metropolitan areas where carriers cannot easily provide landlines, resulting in high prices; under high ways, bodies of water and in deserts where landlines often cannot run; to remote locations where landlines are not always offered. Other Applications
   Radar turned out to have many peacetime applications: Air traffic controllers use radars to locate and guide everything from gliders to jumbo jets along the world's airways; specialized weather radars keep pilots and the general public informed about storms; shipboard and airborne radars aid navigation through the sea and the sky. These applications were explored initially during World War II, and developed commercially in the 1950s.
   Microwave treatment. As many of the medical experiments have been successful, at least one form of microwave treatment (for prostate cancer) has been given to thousands of patients. Before microwaves were used in therapy, high-frequency radio waves produced by diathermy machines were used in the treatment of arthritis and other conditions. The deep heating produced by these waves was believed to be helpful in the treatment of joint and circulatory problems.
   Ozone layer monitoring. Concerns that certain chemicals used in refrigerators (called chlorofluorocarbons) were destroying the ozone layer led to an intensive effort to monitor the layer's thickness. It turns out that observing very short microwaves (millimeter waves) provide accurate information about the condition of the ozone layer, and several microwave monitoring stations around the world constantly keep an eye on this problem.
   Microwave cosmic background radiation. Cosmologists predicted that the Big Bang should have left a small but detectible trace called the cosmic background radiation. Two Bell Telephone Laboratories scientists, A. Penzias and R. Wilson discovered this radiation with a large radio telescope in 1964. The Cosmic Background

   Explorer satellite (COBE), launched in 1989, for the first time detected slight irregularities in the microwave background radiation. These irregularities presents a picture of the universe as it was a very short time after it began, and confirmed or contradicted a number of theories about the universe's early stages.
   The CSIRO SpeedGrader [11] was developed by world acclaimed timber innovator and Wallenberg Prize winner, Dr Bob Leicester. Australian scientists have added a new dimension to the grading of timber with the development of high speed scanning using microwave technology. According to Leicester, SpeedGrader can be used to analyze up to 50 mm thick and measure the presence and size of natural features such as knots, slope of grain and juvenile wood. "Detection of this undesirable wood with microwave scanners helps remove headaches for end users, saving replacement materials and dealing with unhappy customers," Leicester says. SpeedGrader scanners are low-powered, (around 0.15 milliwatts compared with that of the average torch battery) and considerably safer than more expensive alternatives based on x-ray technology.
   A revolutionary new process using microwaves [12] was introduced by BATEMAN to unlock gold, copper and other metals from refractory hard to recover ores. Developed in Canada by EMR Microwave Technologies, this microwave technology is used to breakdown or modify sulphide, carbonaceous and other materials shielding the valuable minerals in ores. When applied to sulphide flotation concentrates, it could replace historic pretreatment processes such as autoclaving, roasting or smelting, resulting in the benefits of cost savings and more effective metal recovery , especially those mineral reserves previously rejected as economically infeasible. In tests on a Mexican ore [12] in which both gold and silver were trapped, 50% of gold unrecoverable by cyanide leach, the microwave treatment resulted in up to 95% gold recovery. The new process promises great commercial potential of microwave technology to the mining industry.

   One possible future use of microwaves that has yet to prove popular is the transmission of large amounts of electric power. The postwar high-power microwave transmitters became efficient enough to send thousands of watts over distances of a mile or more. Engineers have calculated that if several large solar-powered satellites were placed in orbit, the energy collected could be beamed to earth and gathered by arrays of receiving antennas covering many square miles.

   The industrial applications of microwave technology are commonly found in ceramics, pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis, glue and rubber curing and the sterilization and incineration of hazardous materials.   Conclusion The discovery of microwave, initially applied for military purposes, led to its early significant applications—radar and microwave oven. Microwave oven has revolutionized the food industry, creating a paradigm that changed our life styles. Today, most Americans consider microwave oven the most important technological breakthrough since 1969, according to a study conducted by the inventors of the Seiko kinetic watch.

   Microwave technology finds its ways into numerous military applications. Wherever armed conflicts exist, radars, communications systems on the ground and in the air, and guidance systems for sophisticated weapons all use microwaves. The emerging technologies in microwave have altered course of the future war. HPM technology used in developing intelligent and sophisticated modern weapon systems and radar systems has created tremendous advantages on the war.

   The superiority of the microwave technology has demonstrated its power and commercial values in telecommunications and computer networks.

   Microwave, as a well-established technology, and like any other high technology, continues playing a significant role in shaping the world in which we live. The social, economic and cultural ramifications it has produced as a new wave further testifies the powerful paradigm. References: [1] Wallace, Bob. Start-up cooks up ATM over microwave. Computer Networks, January, 1997
[2] CATV Operator's Handbook. Editors of BM/E Magazine. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: TAB Books, 1973.
[3] Zeyher, Allen. "Microwave invention opens up broadband communications". Catalyst, summer 1998
[4] Aurimpex Technologies Inc. Product Profile, Spectrum - Microwave Radio http://www.aurimpex.com/products.html
[5] Dido, Laura. "Microwave technology lures new users". Computer Networks, August 1995
[6] ERICSSON MICROWAVE SYSTEMS AB DEFENSE ELECTRONICS AND MICROWAV COMMUNICATIONS. Microwave Systems. www.ericsson.com/microwave
[7] Los Alamos National Laboratory http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/dod/
[8] Fulghum, David A. "Microwave Weapons Await a Future War". Aviation Week & Space Technology. June 1999.
[9] IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Postwar Applications: Military http://www.mtt.org/old/miscellany/fiftyanniv/
[10] Echelon (bless you!) http://www.tinhat.com/surveillance/echelon
[11] "New electronic timber grading - by microwave" http://www.globaltechnoscan.com/archive.htm
[12] "Microwave Technology Unlock Refractory ores" http://www.batemanbv.com/pdfs/

Author's Biography
   Joseph Bih has been teaching and researching for more than 5 years. Since completing his graduate studies at the University of North Texas, he has been teaching undergraduate courses at Jarvis College and Tyler Junior College and he is actively involved in research, with many publications through professional journals and technical conferences. His work resulted in grants that helped upgrading computer lab facilities and software, directly benefited the students. He owns MCSE, MCSD, CCNA and OCP other IT certification titles and is actively involved in the industry. His research interests focus on secure networks, information systems management and new technology applications. Joseph Bih is an IEEE Senior Member. He can be reached at jjmbih@ieee.org.

Nexrad Weapon.pdf - Google Drive

Nexrad Weapon.pdf - Google Drive

<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_50zIaXo4zeNDQ4OTNkODgtNzJkYy00ZWQ4LWExYjItMjQ2NDM1ZTlhZmZj/preview?authkey=CIjLsuwM&hl=en_US" width="640" height="480"></iframe>

The NexRad Weather Weapons Network

Uploaded on May 27, 2011

Finished presentation here: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&am...

 

The science of beam weapons | ExtremeTech

The science of beam weapons | ExtremeTech

JFK Speeches (playlist)

Cape Cod community considers taking down wind turbines after illness, noise | Fox News

Cape Cod community considers taking down wind turbines after illness, noise | Fox News

Are wind farms a health risk? US scientist identifies 'wind turbine syndrome' - Green Living - Environment - The Independent

Are wind farms a health risk? US scientist identifies 'wind turbine syndrome' - Green Living - Environment - The Independent

Are wind farms a health risk? US scientist identifies 'wind turbine syndrome'

Noise and vibration coming from large turbines are behind an increase in heart disease, migraine, panic attacks and other health problems, according to research by an American doctor

 

Living too close to wind turbines can cause heart disease, tinnitus, vertigo, panic attacks, migraines and sleep deprivation, according to groundbreaking research to be published later this year by an American doctor.

Dr Nina Pierpont, a leading New York paediatrician, has been studying the symptoms displayed by people living near wind turbines in the US, the UK, Italy, Ireland and Canada for more than five years. Her findings have led her to confirm what she has identified as a new health risk, wind turbine syndrome (WTS). This is the disruption or abnormal stimulation of the inner ear's vestibular system by turbine infrasound and low-frequency noise, the most distinctive feature of which is a group of symptoms which she calls visceral vibratory vestibular disturbance, or VVVD. They cause problems ranging from internal pulsation, quivering, nervousness, fear, a compulsion to flee, chest tightness and tachycardia – increased heart rate. Turbine noise can also trigger nightmares and other disorders in children as well as harm cognitive development in the young, she claims. However, Dr Pierpont also makes it clear that not all people living close to turbines are susceptible.
Until now, the Government and the wind companies have denied any health risks associated with the powerful noises and vibrations emitted by wind turbines. Acoustic engineers working for the wind energy companies and the Government say that aerodynamic noise produced by turbines pose no risk to health, a view endorsed recently by acousticians at Salford University. They have argued that earlier claims by Dr Pierpont are "imaginary" and are likely to argue that her latest findings are based on a sample too small to be authoritative.
At the heart of Dr Pierpont's findings is that humans are affected by low-frequency noise and vibrations from wind turbines through their ear bones, rather like fish and other amphibians. That humans have the same sensitivity as fish is based on new discoveries made by scientists at Manchester University and New South Wales last year. This, she claims, overturns the medical orthodoxy of the past 70 years on which acousticians working for wind farms are using to base their noise measurements. "It has been gospel among acousticians for years that if a person can't hear a sound, it's too weak for it to be detected or registered by any other part of the body," she said. "But this is no longer true. Humans can hear through the bones. This is amazing. It would be heretical if it hadn't been shown in a well-conducted experiment."
In the UK, Dr Christopher Hanning, founder of the British Sleep Society, who has also backed her research, said: "Dr Pierpont's detailed recording of the harm caused by wind turbine noise will lay firm foundations for future research. It should be required reading for all planners considering wind farms. Like so many earlier medical pioneers exposing the weaknesses of current orthodoxy, Dr Pierpont has been subject to much denigration and criticism and ... it is tribute to her strength of character and conviction that this important book is going to reach publication."
Dr Pierpont's thesis, which is to be published in October by K-Selected Books, has been peer reviewed and includes an endorsement from Professor Lord May, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government. Lord May describes her research as "impressive, interesting and important".
Her new material about the impact of turbine noise on health will be of concern to the Government given its plans for about 4,000 new wind turbines across the country. Ed Miliband, the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, has made wind power a central part of his new green policy to encourage renewable energy sources. Another 3,000 are planned off-shore.
Drawing on the early work of Dr Amanda Harry, a British GP in Portsmouth who had been alerted by her patients to the potential health risk, Dr Pierpont gathered together 10 further families from around the world who were living near large wind turbines, giving her a cluster of 38 people, from infants to age 75, to explore the pathophysiology of WTS for the case series. Eight of the 10 families she analysed for the study have now moved away from their homes.
In a rare interview, Dr Pierpont, a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics, told The Independent on Sunday: "There is no doubt that my clinical research shows that the infrasonic to ultrasonic noise and vibrations emitted by wind turbines cause the symptoms which I am calling wind turbine syndrome. There are about 12 different health problems associated with WTS and these range from tachycardia, sleep disturbance, headaches, tinnitus, nausea, visual blurring, panic attacks with sensations of internal quivering to more general irritability.
"The wind industry will try to discredit me and disparage me, but I can cope with that. This is not unlike the tobacco industry dismissing health issues from smoking. The wind industry, however, is not composed of clinicians, nor is it made up of people suffering from wind turbines." The IoS has a copy of the confidential manuscript which is exhaustive in its research protocol and detailed case series, drawing on the work of leading otolaryngologists and neurotologists – ear, nose and throat clinical specialists.
Some of the earliest research into the impact of low-frequency noise and vibrations was undertaken by Portuguese doctors studying the effects on military and civil personnel flying at high altitudes and at supersonic speed. They found that this exposure may also cause the rare illness, vibroacoustic disorder or VAD, which causes changes to the structure of certain organs such as the heart and lungs and may well be caused by vibrations from turbines. Another powerful side effect of turbines is the impact which the light thrown off the blades – known as flicker – has on people who suffer from migraines and epilepsy.
Campaigners have consistently argued that much research hitherto has been based on written complaints to environmental health officers and manufacturers, not on science-based research. But in Denmark, Germany and France, governments are moving towards building new wind farms off-shore because of concern over the potential health and environmental risks. In the UK there are no such controls, and a growing number of lobbyists, noise experts and government officials are also beginning to query the statutory noise levels being given to councils when deciding on planning applications from wind farm manufacturers. Lobbyists claim a new method of measuring is needed.
Dr Pierpont, who has funded all the research herself and is independent of any organisation, recommends at least a 2km set-back distance between potential wind turbines and people's homes, said: "It is irresponsible of the wind turbine companies – and governments – to continue building wind turbines so close to where people live until there has been a proper epidemiological investigation of the full impact on human health.
"What I have shown in my research is that many people – not all – who have been living close to a wind turbine running near their homes display a range of health illnesses and that when they move away, many of these problems also go away."
A breakthrough into understanding more of the impact of vibrations came last year, she said, when scientists at Manchester University and Prince of Wales Clinical School and Medical Research Institute in Sydney showed that the normal human vestibular system has a fish or frog-like sensitivity to low-frequency vibration. This was a turning point in understanding the nature of the problem, Dr Pierpont added, because it overturns the orthodoxy of the current way of measuring noise. "It is clear from the new evidence that the methods being used by acousticians goes back to research first carried out in the 1930s and is now outdated."
Dr Pierpont added that the wind turbine companies constantly argue that the health problems are "imaginary, psychosomatic or malingering". But she said their claims are "rubbish" and that medical evidence supports that the reported symptoms are real.
Case study: 'My husband had pneumonia, my father-in-law had a heart attack. Nobody was ill before'
Jane Davis, 53, a retired NHS manager, and her husband, Julian, 44, a farmer, lived in Spalding, Lincolnshire, until the noise of a wind farm 930m away forced them to leave
"People describe the noise as like an aeroplane that never arrives. My husband developed pneumonia very quickly after the turbines went up, having never had chest problems before. We suffer constant headaches and ear nuisance. My mother-in-law developed pneumonia and my husband developed atrial fibrillation – a rapid heartbeat. He had no pre-existing heart disease. Our blood pressure has gone up. My father-in-law has suffered a heart attack, tinnitus and marked hearing loss.
" I understand this can be regarded as a coincidence, but nobody was ill before 2006."
The defence: 'Wind turbines are quiet and safe'
The British Wind Energy Association, UK's biggest renewable energy trade association, said last night: "One of the first things first-time visitors to wind farms usually say is that they are surprised how quiet the turbines are.
"To put things in context: the London Borough of Westminster registered around 300,000 noise complaints from residents in 2008, none from wind turbines. The total number of noise complaints to local councils across the country runs into millions.
"In contrast, an independent study on wind farms and noise in 2007 found only four complaints from about 2,000 turbines in the country, three of which were resolved by the time the report was published.
"Wind turbines are quiet, safe and sustainable. It is not surprising that, according to a DTI report, 94 per cent of people who live near wind turbines are in favour of them. There is no scientific research to suggest that wind turbines are in any way harmful, and even many of the detractors of wind energy are honest enough to admit this.
"Noise from wind farms is a non-problem, and we need to move away from this unproductive and unscientific debate, and focus on our targets on reducing carbon emissions."

Lightning in the lab: Femtosecond laser generating plasma in air

Uploaded on Mar 29, 2009

A 100GW 35fs 1kHz laser is focused down to a narrow waist, which creates an electric field large enough to ionize the air. You can see the resulting plasma glowing (the little white floating blob). The process is essentially the same as lightning, which of course is accompanied by "thunder": the 1kHz buzz you can hear is the thunder, repeated 1000 times per second (the laser pulses at 1kHz). The colored pattern on the wall is the expanded beam, the moving colors generated by the nonlinear effects in the plasma.

Holographic Sky (playlist)

NGO News: The sky is an LCD Screen / Hologram - YouTube

NGO News: The sky is an LCD Screen / Hologram - YouTube

Uploaded on Jun 18, 2011

----------------------------------------­-
UPDATE MORE PROOF!!
REAL CLOUDS BREAKING THROUGH THE HOLOGRAM:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmNaU1...
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MORE:

LIGHTNING WITH NO SOUND OF THUNDER!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53iXVE...


THE SUN IS SETTING IN THE WRONG SPOT!
HOW MUCH MORE PROOF DO WE NEED?!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2CHPt...
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Update: Possible date they switched on the hologram?
THE SUN GOES DARK!
06/19/11 Dutchsinse:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0gDbW...
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I just filmed the sun in Infrared HD....

It came out like Lines from an LCD screen.
I think they are projecting images onto the gasses they have figured out how to keep in the atmosphere from Fukushima radiation decay.

The isotopes from Iodine 133 and Uranium Decay into Barium and Strontium.

These isotopes the military has a brand new application for.

They can project 3d images into the gasses.
Our sky is being blocked but they still cant keep the heat out.
I think we are seeing heat signatures from Soho to be honest.

The only reason I say this is because months a ago I always used to film the sun/moon in infrared. What changed? I've used multiple cameras, they all do this.

Try and tell me for yourself. This is really weird.

Is Nibiru / Elenin visible on the other side?

NGO NEWS:
https://www.facebook.com/pages/NGO-Ne...


Links:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjNDsF...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpSF7y...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3seTlv...