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Monday, May 27, 2024

From ABC News: Some prominent Americans who have met with North Korean leaders

 


Some prominent Americans who have met with North Korean leaders

Trump has agreed to meet with Kim Jong Un.

March 9, 2018, 2:55 PM

If the shocking, recently announced meeting between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un actually occurs, it will make history.

No sitting U.S. president has ever met with a North Korean leader, though there have been lower-level sessions.

Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton waited until after their time in office to meet with North Korean leaders.

Carter met with Kim Il Sung, North Korea's founder, in 1994, more than a decade after leaving office.

PHOTO: In this June 16, 1994 photo distributed by Korea News Service, leader Kim Il Sung takes part in a souvenir picture with former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn Carter, and other members who visited North Korea.
In this June 16, 1994 photo from North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency, leader Kim Il Sun...

Kim Il Sung, who died weeks after meeting with Carter, is the grandfather of current leader Kim Jong Un.

Clinton was invited to meet with Kim Jong Il, Kim Il Sung's son, and successor, in 2000 but declined the invitation.

Instead, then-Secretary of State Madeline Albright went to North Korea.

PHOTO: North Korean Leader Kim Jong Il, left, shakes hands with U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright at the Pae Kha Hawon Guest House in Pyongyang on Oct. 23, 2000.
North Korean Leader Kim Jong Il, left, shakes hands with U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright at...

It wasn't until nine years later when Clinton himself, then out of office, met with Kim Jong Il as part of an effort to help secure the release of two U.S. journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee.

PHOTO: In this photo released by Korean Central News Agency, former U.S. President Bill Clinton, seated left, meets with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, seated right, in Pyonggyang, North Korea, on Aug. 4, 2009.
In this photo released by Korean Central News Agency, former U.S. President Bill Clinton, seated left...

Former Vice President Al Gore met Ling and Lee when they returned to the United States.

PHOTO: Freed journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee are welcomed by former vice-president Al Gore after they arrived from North Korea at the airport in Burbank, Calif. with former U.S. president Bill Clinton on Aug. 5, 2009.
Freed journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee are welcomed by former vice-president Al Gore after they ar...

That wasn't the last time that a former president met with North Korean officials to help free an American. In 2010, Carter returned to North Korea on behalf of Aijalon Gomes, a Massachusetts resident who was sentenced to eight years of hard labor for entering the country illegally.

PHOTO: Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, left, meets North Korea's No. 2 Kim Yong Nam at Mansudae Assembly Hall in Pyongyang, North Korea on Aug. 25, 2010.
Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, left, meets North Korea's No. 2 Kim Yong Nam at Mansudae Asse...

Carter returned to the so-called hermit kingdom in 2011, this time along with other world leaders as part of talks about the country's food shortage.

PHOTO: Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, accompanied by his delegation members, is greeted upon arrival in Pyongyang, North Korea, April 26, 2011.
Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, accompanied by his delegation members, is greeted upon arrival i...

In recent years, the most notable U.S. visitor to North Korea has been former basketball star Dennis Rodman.

PHOTO: The game of basketball has played an important role in the diplomatic relations with the North Korean leadership. Former Bulls star Dennis Rodman and Kim Jong Un at an exhibition basketball game between U.S. and North Korean players, Jan. 8, 2014.
The game of basketball has played an important role in the diplomatic relations with the North Korean l...

Rodman visited the country in 2014 and once again in 2017.

He met with Kim Jong Un on both visits.

PHOTO: Former NBA basketball star Dennis Rodman presents a book titled "Trump The Art of the Deal" to North Korea's Sports Minister Kim Il Guk on June 15, 2017, in Pyongyang, North Korea.
Former NBA basketball star Dennis Rodman presents a book titled "Trump The Art of the Deal" to North Korea's Sports Minister Kim Il Guk on June 15, 2017, in Pyongyang, North Korea.

Sunday, May 5, 2024

Types of Misinformation and Disinformation

 Factsheet 4: Types of Misinformation and Disinformation Misinformation is false or inaccurate information. Examples include rumors, insults and pranks. Disinformation is deliberate and includes malicious content such as hoaxes, spear phishing and propaganda. It spreads fear and suspicion among the population. Types of Misinformation and Disinformation: 1. Fabricated Content: Completely false content; 2. Manipulated Content: Genuine information or imagery that has been distorted, e.g. a sensational headline or populist ‘click bait’; 3. Imposter Content: Impersonation of genuine sources, e.g. using the branding of an established agency; 4. Misleading Content: Misleading information, e.g. comment presented as fact; 5. False Context: Factually accurate content combined with false contextual information, e.g. when the headline of an article does not reflect the content; 6. Satire and Parody: Humorous but false stores passed off as true. There is no intention to harm but readers may be fooled; 7. False Connections: When headlines, visuals or captions do not support the content; 8. Sponsored Content: Advertising or PR disguised as editorial content; 9. Propaganda: Content used to manage attitudes, values and knowledge; 10. Error: A mistake made by established new agencies in their reporting. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has also given birth to new forms of misinformation and disinformation. We call this Synthetic Media to indicate the artificial production, manipulation and modification of data and multimedia by automated means, especially AI algorithms, to mislead or change original meaning. There are fears that synthetic media could supercharge fake news, spread misinformation and distrust of reality and automate creative jobs. “Deep Fakes” are one type of synthetic media where a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness. While the act of faking content is not new, deep fakes use powerful techniques from machine learning and AI to manipulate or generate visual and audio content with a high potential to deceive. Deep Fakes have garnered widespread attention for their use in revenge porn, fake news, hoaxes and financial fraud. Industry and governments are concerned to detect and limit their use. Some countries already have a national response or national institutions are working on it.


“Speech Synthesis” is another branch of synthetic media that can artificially produce human speech. A computer used for this purpose is called a “speech computer” or “speech synthesizer”. Synthesized speech concatenates pieces of recorded speech or it incorporates a model of the vocal tract and other human voice characteristics to create a completely "synthetic" voice. In addition to new and more sophisticated ways of manipulating content, there are also a growing number of ways in which Social Media can be used to manipulate conversations: • A Sockpuppet is an online identity used to deceive. The term now extends to misleading uses of online identities to praise, defend or support a person or organization; to manipulate public opinion; or to circumvent restrictions, suspension or an outright ban from a website. The difference between a pseudonym and a sockpuppet is that the sockpuppet poses as an independent third party, unaffiliated with the main account holder. Sockpuppets are unwelcome in many online communities and forums; • Sealioning is a type of trolling or harassment where people are pursued with persistent requests for evidence or repeated questions. A pretense of civility and sincerity is maintained with these incessant, bad-faith invitations to debate; • Astroturfing masks the sponsors of a message (e.g. political, religious, advertising or PR organizations) to make it appear as though it comes from grassroots participants. The practice aims to give organizations credibility by withholding information about their motives or financial connections; • Catfishing is a form of fraud where a person creates a sockpuppet or fake identity to target a particular victim on Social Media. It is common for romance scams on dating websites. It may be done for financial gain, to compromise a victim or as a form of trolling or wish fulfillment.


Misinformation is false or inaccurate information. Examples include rumors, insults and pranks. Disinformation is deliberate and includes malicious content such as hoaxes, spear phishing and propaganda. It spreads fear and suspicion among the population.
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